This overview is intended to help you recognise common eye concerns. It is not a substitute for a professional diagnosis — please consult a specialist for evaluation of your specific symptoms.
01Dry Eye
Dry eye occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or the tears evaporate too quickly, often causing a gritty, burning or fatigued sensation.
It is commonly linked to prolonged screen use, environmental factors or age. Persistent discomfort is worth having evaluated, as management approaches vary based on the underlying cause.
02Eye Allergy
Eye allergies typically cause itching, redness, watering and swelling, often triggered by pollen, dust or other environmental allergens.
While many cases are mild and seasonal, recurring or severe symptoms are best assessed by a specialist to rule out other causes and discuss appropriate management.
03Conjunctivitis / Eye Infection
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is inflammation of the eye’s outer membrane and can be caused by infection, allergy or irritation.
Symptoms often include redness, discharge and discomfort. Because some forms are contagious, prompt evaluation helps determine the cause and appropriate care.
04Red Eye
Red eye is a general symptom with many possible causes, ranging from minor irritation to conditions that need timely attention.
Because the underlying cause can vary widely, persistent or severe redness — especially with pain or vision changes — should be evaluated by a specialist promptly.
05Refractive Errors
Refractive errors occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing correctly on the retina, resulting in blurred vision.
They are typically diagnosed with a refraction test and managed with corrective lenses or, in some cases, refractive surgery. See our LASIK & Refractive Surgery page for more.
06Myopia (Near-sightedness)
Myopia makes distant objects appear blurry while close objects remain clear, and is one of the most common refractive errors, particularly in children and young adults.
Regular vision testing helps track changes over time, which can be useful for monitoring progression, especially in younger patients.
07Hyperopia (Far-sightedness)
Hyperopia causes close objects to appear blurry while distant vision is often clearer, and can sometimes contribute to eye strain or headaches.
A refraction test can confirm the degree of hyperopia and guide appropriate correction.
08Astigmatism
Astigmatism results from an irregularly shaped cornea or lens, causing blurred or distorted vision at any distance.
It often occurs alongside myopia or hyperopia and is typically identified during a standard refraction test.
09Presbyopia
Presbyopia is an age-related decline in the eye’s ability to focus on close objects, usually becoming noticeable from the early-to-mid forties onward.
It is a normal part of eye ageing rather than a disease, and is generally managed with reading glasses, bifocals or other corrective options.
10Glaucoma
Glaucoma refers to a group of conditions that can damage the optic nerve, often associated with raised eye pressure, and can progress without early symptoms.
Because early glaucoma often has no noticeable warning signs, regular screening is important, particularly for those with risk factors. See our Glaucoma Care page for details.
11Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is damage to the retina’s blood vessels associated with diabetes, and can affect vision if it progresses without monitoring.
Regular diabetic eye screening is generally recommended for people living with diabetes. Learn more on our Retina & Vitreous Care page.
12Retinal Disorders
The retina can be affected by a range of conditions beyond diabetic retinopathy, including age-related changes and structural issues.
Sudden vision changes, flashes of light or new floaters warrant prompt evaluation. Our Retina & Vitreous Care page covers this in more depth.